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一、限制性定语从句
1、形式上:不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。
2、意义上:是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
3、译法上:译成先行词的定语:“...的”
4、关系词的使用上:A.作宾语时可省略 B.可用that C.可用who 代替whom
5、限制性定语从句举例:
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人。
二、非限制性定语从句
1、形式上:用逗号“,”与主句隔开。
2、意义上:只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。
3、译法上:通常译成主句的并列句。
4、关系词的使用上:A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不可用who 代替whom
5、非限制性定语从句举例 :
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他,对他要求很严格。
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
中国是1949年成立的, 现在正变得越来越强大。
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.
去年夏天,我参观了人民大会堂,在那儿每年都要举行许多重要会议。
注意:as和which 引导的非限定性定语从句的比较:
1)非限定性定语从句位于句未,而且as 和which 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时可互换。
He is a farmer, as/which is clear from his manner.
This elephant is like a snake, as/which anybody can see.
2)which 引导的非限定性定语从句一般放在句未,而as 引导的非限定性定语从句可放在句未,也可放在句中、句首。放在句首时不能用which 替换,只能用as。
Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad
Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.
As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.
3)as引导非限定性定语从句时,意为“这一点、这件事” “正如…”,常与see,hope,expect,know,guess等动词搭配;而which引导非限定性定语从句时与主句有一种因果关系,可译为“所以……”。
The color, as you all know, is dark red.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
二、综合练习
(一)先行词是人的定语从句:
1. Is he the man__________ wants to see you?
2. He is the professor ____________ I met yesterday.
3. The famous film star, _______ has played many roles, will act as a blind woman in her next film.
4. The man _____ _____ I would turn when I am in trouble is my Chinese teacher.
5. This is the student _____ ____ I like to play.
6. The girl _____ ____ I didn’t agree is one of the students ________study hard in our class.
7. He is the teacher ______ son is a soldier.
8. He is the teacher ______ ____ son we often like to argue.
9 He is the teacher _____ _____class my son study.
10. There are about 15 teachers in our grade, some_____ ____ are women teachers.
11. She is one of the students _____ ______(know) my secret.
12. She is the only one of the students ______ _______ (know) my secret.
(二)先行词是物的定语从句:
1. The house _______ is in the back of our classroom is the teacher’s office.
2. The house________ door faces north is our teachers’ office.
3. The house ________ you saw is a library.
4. The house_____ ____ door there is “ Be Quiet” is our teachers’ office.
5. These are all the things______ I can get for you.
6. The only thing _______ I can do is to wait.
7. I can still remember the first toy ________my mother bought for me.
8. There is nothing ______can keep me back..
9. They are the very things______ make us interested.
10. We should care more about the people and the things ______are around us.
11. These are the situations ________ we often feel nervous.
12. This is the way ___________ I solve problems.
(三)先行词是时间的定语从句:
1. I always remember the days __________we spent together.
2. I always remember the days __________ we played together.
3. I always remember the days ___________ are my family’s birthday.
4. I always remember the days ___________I lived with my grandparents.
5.I will remember the date ___________I joined the Party.
6.It is Oct, 1 1949 _________ new china was founded.
7.It is on Oct, 1 1949__________new china was founded.
(四)先行词是地点的定语从句:
1. Xiamen ,_______ lies in the south east of China is a beautiful city.
2. Xiamen________ we live in is a beautiful city.
3. Xiamen __________many foreigners come to visit is a beautiful city.
比较:Xiamen _____ _______ many foreigners come to pay a visit is a beautiful city.
It is Xiamen _______ people have special mid-autumn game.
It is in Xiamen _______people have special mid-autumn game.
(五)先行词是原因的定语从句:
1. I quite agree with the reason ________ you told me.
2. I don’t believe the reason ________ you were late this morning.
3. The reason ______ I didn’t know the answer is _____I didn’t review my lesson.
The reason ______ I got up late is that I stayed up too late, doing my homework.
This is the reason _________ caused me late for school today.
(六)修饰整个句子的定语从句:
1. He is always talking in class, ______often makes the teacher angry.
2. That question was too hard to answer,______ cost me much time.
3. There are many books in the bag, _______makes it heavy to carry.
4. You gave me much help, ________is very kind of you.
(七)其他形式的定语从句:
1. I like such students ____you talked about.
2. Such things_____ they did are not welcome.
3. ____ we can guess from the way he speaks, he is from America.
4. Taiwan, ____ we all know, is one part of China.
5. Some people like it while some dislike it, _______ is always the case.
6. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
7. He passed the exam,______ we had expected.
8. _____ was said above, many people have realized the importance of learning English.
9. I like the same pen _____ you have.
参考答案:
(一)who / whom / who / to whom / with whom / with whom; who / whose /
with whose / in whose / of whom / who know / who knows
(二)which / whose / which / on whose / that / that / that / that / that / that / where / in which (that / 省略)
(三)which / when / which / when / when / when / that
(四)which / which / which / to which / where / that
(五)which / why / why; that / why / which
(六)which (全部)
(七)as (全部)
江苏中考报名系统入口 http://www.yggk.net/beikao/english/