D
　　You may have heard of the “10,000 hour rule”, popularized in Malcolm Gladwell’s book Outliers, which suggests that many people who have reached the top of their fields got there, in large part, due to practicing for 10,000 hours. The theory is most often credited to a 1993study by K. Anders Ericsson (which has been mentioned more than 4,000 times, according to Google Scholar). But a new review of that study and other research in the field came to a different conclusion: Practice is not as vital as previously thought.
　In the new paper, published in Intelligence, the authors write that “we have evidence that deliberate practice, while important, is not as important as Ericsson has argued it is -- evidence that it does not largely account for individual differences in performances.”
The authors of the new paper re-analyze scores of studies on outstanding chess players and musicians. They point out that there is significant variation in how long it took for people to get to the level of a chess master. One player in a 2007 study, for example, “took 26 years of serious involvement in chess to reach a master level, while another player took less than 2years to reach this level”they write. They conclude that practice can only explain one-third of the success in chess and music, and probably other fields as well.
The evidence is “quite clear that some people do reach an outstanding level of performance without plentiful practice, while other people fail to do so although they do plentiful practice,” they write. They suggest that other factors together explain the lion’s share of success (at least in these two most-studied areas), such as intelligence, staffing age, personality and other factors.
Despite their new analysis, the authors write that the debate is likely to continue “for many years to come,” which makes me think: Perhaps the “10,000 hour rule” should be defined(定义) as “the amount of time scholars spend arguing over what factors explain success.
41. What does the “10,000 hour rule” suggest?
    A. Your success is largely determined by your practice.
    B. Scholars need to practice less than people in other fields.
C. You can’t succeed with less than l0,000 hour’ practice.
    D. 10,000 hours’ practice surely leads to the top of a field.
42. The new paper in Intelligence finds that .
    A. more evidence is needed for the research
    B. one should not practice deliberately
    C. Ericsson does not think practice is important
    D. practice isn’t so important as people thought
43. How did the new study get its conclusion?
    A. By studying dozens of chess players.
    B. By studying other people’s research.
    C. Through 26 years of serious study.
    D. Through large amount of practice.
44. What does the writer of this passage think of the “1,000 hour rule”?
     A. He is strongly for the rule.B. He doubts the truth of the rule.
     C He considers it the key to success.     D. He prefers the rule to be proved wrong.
 45. What is the purpose of the passage?
     A. To persuade people to work harder
     B. To argue for the 10,000 hour rule.
     C. To introduce a new study on the 10,000 hour rule.
     D. To introduce different scholars’ great discoveries.

第二节 信息匹配（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）
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