C

　　Do you ever pull your phone out of your pocket, thinking it is vibrating (振动) , only to find that it isn't?

　　This phenomenon, which scientists call "phantom (幻觉的) phone vibration", is very common. Around 80% of people surveyed say they have imagined their phones vibrating when they were actually still.

　　So, what leads to this universal behavior? According to the BBC, the explanation lies in your brain's ability to discover signals from the outside world.

　　When your phone is in your pocket, there are two possible states: it is either vibrating or not. Meanwhile, you also have two possible states of mind: the judgment that the phone is vibrating, or that it isn't.

　　Ideally, you match the four states, correctly. However, sometimes your brain decides that the consequences of missing a call are more serious than a "false alarm". Therefore, you become more sensitive to vibrations so that you (don't miss anything.

　　This is just like the fire alarm in your home — it can be annoying when it goes off in response to just a, tiny bit, of smoke. But that's, a small price to pay compared to a fire really breaking out because the alarm fails to alert you.

　　Now, you might still ask: why can't our brains just make every judgment correctly without being too sensitive to false signals?

　　The answer is that your brain bears a heavy burden every day. "You get a large amount of sensory information that's coming from your eyes, ears and skin, and you can't deal with all that information all the time," Michael Rothberg, a research at Baystate Medical Center in Springfield, US, told Live Science.

　　For example, the rustling (沙沙声) of clothing or the growling (咕咕声) of your stomach may both lead your brain to believe that they come from the vibration of your phone — it is like trying to hear your name being called in a noisy room.

　　So, perhaps you should just check your phone whenever you think it's vibrating. It's not too much trouble to do that, is it?.

28. According to this passage, phantom phone vibration          .

　　A. is common among people with mental problems

　　B. can measure people's ability to collect information

　　C. happens when our brains react sensitively to false signals

　　D. helps our brains to make quick and accurate decisions

29. According to Michael Rothberg, which is mainly responsible for phantom phone vibration?

　　A. A noisy background.  B. A lack of much attention.

　　C. A heavy burden every day.       D. An overflow of sensory information.

30. Why is the fire alarm used as an example in this passage?

　　A. To help us understand the cause of phantom phone vibration better.

　　B. To show us the fire alarm is as sensitive as the phone vibration.

　　C. To tell us the phone vibration usually happens when a fire breaks out.

　　D. To convince us it's important to check our phones like checking a fire alarm.

31. What does the author suggest we do about phantom phone vibration?

　　A. We should always fully believe our own sense, of listening.

　　B. We should just check our phones whenever we think they're vibrating.

　　C. We should ignore the vibration bothering when our phones are actually still.

　　D. We should think of -the vibration carefully before we make correct judgments.

D

　　In 2013, a report from The New England Journal of Medicine showed that increased body weight is related to the death rate for all cancers. This is based on a study involving about 900,000 people, spanning many years.

　　The study, started in 1992 by the American Cancer Society, included men and women from all 50 states. The youngest participants were 30 years old, and the average age was 57. By December 2008, 24% of the participants had died, just a quarter of them from cancers. In analyzing the results, researchers attempted to take account of such potential factors as smoking, drinking alcohol, taking aspirin and a wide variety of other factors that might otherwise affect the results.

　　The Jesuits are clear: the more you weigh, the greater your risk of dying of cancer will be (up to 52% higher for men and 62% foe women). In men as well as women, the only cancers that did not have a strong connection with weight were lung cancer and brain cancer. For women , the strongest correlation with weight was uterine cancer (子宫癌) , which is 6.5 times higher for women with a BMI ( Body Mass Index) of 40 or more. For men , it was liver cancer, which is 4. 5 times higher m most obese (肥胖的) men.

　　Smokers tend to be more successful in keeping weight off than non-smokers, slightly reducing die risk. But many of them don't have good lungs. Thus, in another way, they also face risks.

　　As for why extra weight leads to excess cancer death rate, there's no clear agreement. But the decrease in vitamin D in obese people seems a likely factor. Vitamin D is known to have a role in preventing cancer. Also, there is a simple fact that obesity makes the management of cancer more difficult. Although for now there is no simple answer to why obesity increases a person's cancer risk, all we know for certain is that the risk is real.

32. The passage is mainly concerned with the relationship between           .

　　A. diet and cancer B. body weight and cancer

　　C. sex and cancer D. smoking and cancer

33. The author develops the passage mainly through           .

　　A. time order B. space order

　　C. analysis and comparison D. figures and examples

34. The underlined word "spanning" in the first paragraph probably means "          ".

　　A. lasting B. including C. happening D. changing

35. According to the passage, what can we learn about the study?

　　A. There is a clear explanation concerning why obesity leads to more cancers.

　　B. Generally speaking, women face fewer risk* of dying of cancer than men.

　　C. Women with a BMI of 40 dying of uterine cancer are more than other women.

　　D. Smokers are still likely to face risks of dying of cancer though keeping weight off.
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