C

    A new set of R’s is here：Recycle，Reduce and Reuse．These three “Rs”，when used every day, can reduce the amount of waste going into landfills，reduce the litter polluting the land and water, conserve(节约，保存)energy and save you money．

    Recycling is one of the easiest ways to save energy，money and time while reducing the amount of garbage going into landfills．

    Most communities have roadside pick-up service to recycle common household items like glass，steel，aluminum，newspaper and cardboard．By separating out the recyclable items from normal household trash，you can reduce the amount of trash entering a landfill by more than 75 percent．

    Recycling one aluminum beverage can(饮料罐)saves enough energy to run your television for three hours．Even better, local recyclers or scrap-metal dealers may pay money for your metal recyclables．

    It is estimated that the 54 billion cans recycled last year in the US saved l5 million barrels of oil．That is equivalent(相等的)to the US oil consumption for one day．Recycling other household items offers similar savings in money and energy．

     Composting food waste will reduce your trash load even more．A basic compost pile built with the help of instructions from numerous resources on the web can be constructed over a weekend，using materials easily obtained from local hardware or home improvement stores．In addition to reducing your waste，this all—natural recycling provides safe，clean and organic fertilizer for your garden，eliminating the need to buy chemical-derived products．

    Finally,recycling other household items like computers，televisions and monitors and household chemicals like pesticides(农药)and paints will remove dangerous chemicals like mercury(水银)and lead from the landfills．

　　If your community doesn’t offer recycling programs，contact your local government to get one established．

46．What’s WRONG about recycling in the eyes of the author?

　A．It’s energy-efficient．    B．It’s money-saving．

　C．It’s time-consuming．    D．It’s environmentally friendly．

47．Recycling           aluminum beverage cans saves enough energy to keep your TV on for half a day．

  A．six    B．five    C．four    D．three

48．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “Composting” in the sixth paragraph?

　A．To turn waste into fertilizer．        B．To throw waste into dustbin．

　C．To make waste clean and useful．    D．To find new land to put the rubbish in．

49．The following paragraph of the text may talk about           ．

　A．something about reusing    B．recycling programs

　C．community activity        D．environment protection

50．The text tells us the way of living a           life．

　A．happy    B．rich    C．green    D．economical

D

     For many years there’s been a debate about rewarding our children．Does it work? Is it effective?

    Some people think we should establish a standard with our kids and give them something for meeting this standard as a reward．Punishment is given out in much the same way, but it’s used when certain standards of performance，behavior，etc．have not been met．Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment，and work harder when promised a valuable reward．The problem is what happens when you aren’t around．

    To develop responsible，self-disciplined(自律的)kids，parents need to promote certain ideas．One of these ideas is that everyone pitches in(努力投入)and helps in your family, even if someone is not crazy about helping．Another idea is that there can be enjoyment in doing any task if we choose to make it so．When a task is for a worthy cause(our family can enjoy the house more because I helped clean it), and when parents are cheerful about their chores，this message can have a big impact．

    This is how we help our kids develop a sense of responsibility．When our children develop this responsibility, they’ll be more disciplined，and they’ll control their emotions better．When we give rewards to our kids，we reduce the sense of responsibility．We also create children who may temporarily(临时)perform to a certain standard，but who aren’t likely to continue the performance without the carrot hanging in front of them．

    “Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while, but they cannot change the person who engages in the behavior, at least in the way we want，”said Alfie Kohn，author of Punished by Rewards．“Good values have to be grown from the inside out．’’Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a lifetime．The real rewards that your children receive will be their readiness for the complex and demanding world that waits for them---a world that rewards those who have learned the secrets of discipline responsibility．So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself, and let your kids find their own rewards．   

51．According to the passage，when children are threatened with punishment,            ．

    A．they may lose interest in their work    B．they may appear to be well-behaved

    C．they may change to another person     D．the results will be worse than usual

52．What can we know from Paragraph 3?

    A．Parents should promote certain ideas to help children develop．

    B．Children should be responsible for their discipline．

    C．Children should help build a good family atmosphere．

    D．No children will adapt to society without their parents’ help．

53．The underlined part“the carrot”in Paragraph 4 probably refers to            ．

    A．rewards    B．aims    C．apologies   D．doubts

54．According to the passage，Alfie Kohn would agree that parents should            ．

    A．pay no attention to the way their children do things

    B．show their children how to behave by example

    C．never punish their children

    D．help their children establish good values

 55．What’s the best title for the passage?

    A．Do You Often Reward Your Children?

    B．Should Parents Reward Their Children?

    C．When Should Parents Reward Their Children?

    D．What Can Parents Reward Their Children with?
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