C  

Body Language in the United States

　　Most people shake hands and make eye contact when they meet people for the first time. Among very good friends, a woman may give another woman a little hug, and a man may kiss a woman quickly on the cheek. Males don’t hug one another, which, however, is changing. Men usually shake hands with the right hand. Sometimes they use the left hand to either cover the handshake or lightly hold the other person’s arm. This shows greater warmth and friendship. Most people wave hello or good -bye by extending the arm palm(手掌) facing outward, and twisting the hand at the wrist. Another way is to raise the arm, palm outward, and move the whole arm and hand back and forth. This is important to know because in many other countries, the same movements mean “no”.

　　When people are waiting in a public place, such as the post office, they usually form lines. Some people get angry and complain if someone pushes their way into a line or jumps ahead of other people. Moreover, many women like men to open doors for them. They also like men to give up their seats on public transportation. However, some women do not like this type of behavior. They feel that men and women should be treated in the same way.

　　In the United States, it’s important to make direct eye contact in business and social situations. If you don’t make eye contact, people will probably think that you are bored or not interested. If there is silence in these situations, people usually try to make conservation. Periods of silence make many people uncomfortable. People in the United States usually stand about one arm’s length away from each other while talking or standing together. This space is called “the comfort zone”.

　　In the United States, mothers sometimes show that they are angry with children by shaking an index finger at them. People may show that they like children by patting them on the top of the head.

36. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that in the United States __________.

  A. males begin to hug each other now.

B. a man usually kisses a woman for greeting.

C. people only use right hands to shake hands

D. people wave good-bye as people in many other countries do 

37. Some women don’t like to be offered a seat by men because _______.

  A. they think sitting is harmful for health.    

B. they prefer to stand rather than sit

C. they like to be treated equally           

D. they don’t need men’s favor

38. The third paragraph is mainly about________.

  A. body language in public places          

B. impolite body language 

C. the comfort zone                     

D. body language in business and social life

39. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

  A. It’s rude to cut in a line in the United States.

B. Eye contact plays an important role in social communication. 

C. In business situations, standing too close makes Americans uncomfortable.

D. In social situations, frequent silence makes people comfortable. 

40. In the United States, a mother sometimes shakes an index finger at her kids to show ______.

  A. boredom            B. anger          C. love         D. satisfaction

                                    D

    Texting（发短信）walkers aren't just an annoyance to other walkers, Australian researchers armed with movie special-effects technology have determined scientifically that they're threats to themselves. Using motion-capture technology similar to that used for films, researchers concluded that texting while walking not only affects balance but also the ability to walk in straight line.

    “Some people like checking emails while walking to work in the morning” said the study co-author Hoorn, “but they may not know it has a serious effect on the safety of themselves”. Other facts have also proved this. A tourist from Taiwan walked off a pier near Melbourne last month while checking Facebook, bringing a sudden and icy end to a penguin-watching visit. Another person who was too wrapped up in his phone to notice dangers walked straight into the fountain in front of a shopping mall.

    The Australian study involved 27 volunteers, a third of whom admitted having knocked into objects while texting. They were asked to walk 8.5 meters three times—once without phones, once while reading text and once while writing text, when eight cameras recorded their actions.

    They found the volunteers using the phone walked slower, and, more seriously, they locked their arms and elbows in like “robots”, which forced their heads to move more, throwing themselves off balance. “In a pedestrian（步行的）environment, inability to maintain a straight path would be likely to increase potential for traffic accidents”, said Mr. Hoorn. “The best thing to do is to step aside and stop, or keep off the phone.”

    Authorities world-wide have taken note. Signs on Hong Kong's subway system advise passengers in three languages to keep their eyes off their phones. Police and transport authorities have highlighted the danger in Singapore, where the Straits Times newspaper recently declared cellphone-distracted road crossing as “bad habit No. 2” contributing to the rising number of road deaths. Some U.S. states, including New York and Arkansas, are considering bans on what they're calling phone jaywalking.

41. According to the passage, people texting while walking usually____________.

A. do not influence other walkers            

B. do harm to their eyes

C. put themselves in danger 

D. can still walk straight

42. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “wrapped up” in Paragraph 2?

A. absent-minded       B. annoyed       C. confused        D. absorbed 

43. The two examples in Paragraph 2 are given in order to __________.

   A. prove texting walkers are threats to others   

B. show texting walkers may harm themselves

C. analyze the causes of the danger           

D. amuse the readers

44. About the Australian study, we know that___________.

A. the volunteers using phones while walking moved normally

B. ten volunteers admitted having bumped into things while texting

C. the volunteers were divided into three groups during the study

D. texting walkers are exposed to greater possibility of traffic accidents  

45. The last paragraph suggests that_________. 

   A. actions have been taken against texting while walking

B. Hong Kong’s subway system forbids texting walkers to take the train

C. New York has made laws to ban phone jaywalking

D. cellphone-distracted road crossing is considered the worst habit in Singapore
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