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C
Dogs already guide blind and disabled people and now they are to be trained to help people with dementia. The idea developed by some university students will now be put into practice by Scotland Medical Center. The research is meaningful, for there are 670, 000 people in Britain who have dementia and by 2021 this is expected to rise to one million.
Dementia can make people confuse night and day or forget basic things such as washing or drinking enough water. The dogs would be trained to help to guide them through the day.
Joyce Gray from Scotland Medical Center said, “People in the early stages of dementia are still able to live a relatively normal life, and dogs help them to maintain routine. For example, people with memory loss will tend to forget to take medicine, “but if a dog presents them with a bag with pills in it, there’s a greater chance of them taking it.”
Ms. Gray also said dogs were perfectly suited to remind their owners to eat. “Dogs have an ability to say ‘it’s my feeding time, so there would be a note in the cupboard next to the dog’s food reminding the dog’s owner to eat too.”
The dog would also encourage the owner to take them out for walks. “It gives a reason for the owner to go out into the community,” Ms. Gray said, “We did a test with an elderly person walking down the high street on his own. Then we gave him a dog on a lead and he did the exact same walk. That time people would come up to him, chatting or smiling and making eye contact. We hope we’d see this with people with dementia too.”
There is one more advantage of using the pets as companions. Since conversation can be increasingly confusing for people with dementia, dogs can give them a sense of silent support and companionship. Ms. Gray said, “We have found that people may forget familiar faces but not pets. People light up when they see animals. There is a speechless bond between the dog and its owner.”
39. What’s the common symptom of dementia?
A. Going hungry. B. Feeling lonely.
C. Forgetting things. D. Waking up at night.
40. According to Ms. Gray, after feeding the pet, the owner may ______.
A. do some washing B. take his medicine
C. have something to eat D. go out to walk the dog
41. For people with dementia, pets can ______.
A. give them wordless help
B. contribute to their recovery
C. help them to recognize people’s faces
D. ensure them to gain support from other people
42. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Guide Dogs for the Mind
B. Pets, Faithful Companions
C. Dementia, a Curable Disease
D. Mental Support for the Disabled
D
The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries. In African countries, the WHO says the number of over-weight or obese children is twice as high as it was 20 years ago. Around the world, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2013.
Overweight and obese children are more likely to become overweight and obese adults. The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.
Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often, which has a high sugar, fat and salt content. He also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activities. They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot.
The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious (感染性的) diseases.
The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countries. The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits, vegetables and increase physical activity. The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.
And WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life, if possible. More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and salt. “Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy. The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries.” he adds.
43. What is the main idea of Paragraph l?
A. The World Health Organization has increased greatly.
B. Children in developing countries generally weigh too much.
C. The number of overweight children in the world has doubled.
D. Overweight children in developing countries have increased greatly.
44. According to Branca, people are becoming overweight because of their changes in ______.
A. lifestyles B. transportation
C. physical condition D. school education
45. What does the underlined word “generate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Cure. B. Prevent. C. Worsen. D. Cause.
46. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. Babies breastfed aren’t likely to become overweight.
B. Governments should play a necessary role in fighting obesity.
C. Food producers should be stopped from marketing food to children.
D. The number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries.
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