C
Climate researchers met recently in Cameroon to talk about threats to Africa s land and animals．They said they believe the continent may lose a large number of its animal and plant species by the end of this century．They blame the expected losses on the warming of earth, population  growth and unrestricted development．
The researchers represent 20 African, American and European universities．They say countries  in south of the Saharan desert are losing forest faster than any place on earth．Wood companies are  cutting down trees to meet growing demand from China, Europe and the United Stales．
The population is growing at 3 percent per year．There are now homes, factories and farms on  land that once was forest．Climate change also continues to threaten species．
Thomas Smith is the director of the Center for Tropical Research at the University of California． "With a 1．5 degree rise in global temperature, Africa may lose 30 percent of its animals and  plants．And unfortunately with the increase in CO; that has been now judged to be up to three degrees in terms of rising global temperatures-that means we may lose 40 percent of all animals in Africa by the end of the century," said Smith．
 The African chimpanzee is one such animal at risk．Mary Katherine Gonder studies chimpanzees in the Congo Basin．She says the forest home is disappearing．She also says hunters continue to kill the animals to sell as food．"What will happen over the next 20 years, the distribution of those chimpanzees will change．Their habitat （栖居地） will change fundamentally and they will no longer be around．The habitat for those chimpanzees will be gone," said Gonder．
Thomas Smith of the University of California says it' s possible to develop Africa and care for the environment at the same time．"With these challenges, we need to develop green economies． For example, we are working with parties here to develop new ways of providing green jobs, for example areas that you can preserve, like forests, and at the same time produce crops that are appropriate for people to sell and to eat．" said Smith．
28．According to the first paragraph, which is not the cause of the expected losses?
 A．The earth becomes warm． B．Population grows quick．
 C．Development is not limited． D．Hunting becomes fierce．
29．Why are countries in south of the Saharan desert losing forest faster than any place on earth?
 A．Climate change continues to threaten forests．
 B．People there cut trees to make fire．
 C．Trees are being cut to satisfy great countries' increasing need．
 D．Wood companies want to help China, Europe and the US A．
30．What can we infer from Gonder' s words in Paragraph 5?
 A．Chimpanzees will be gone in the next 20 years．
 B．Chimpanzees' habitat may disappear one day．
 C．The forest home of Chimpanzees has already disappeared．
 D．The African chimpanzee is one such animal at risk．
 31．What' s the main idea of the last paragraph?
 A．We need to balance nature and people' s needs．
 B．It' s impossible to develop Africa and preserve nature．
 C．We are facing a very large number of challenges．
 D．It' s more important to provide for economic needs．
D
A Robot Fish has been developed by National University of Singapore s researchers from the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering．This robot fish has movements which have been inspired by the movements of the carp（鲤鱼）．
There are various purposes that it can be used for．It can help in underwater archaeology （ 考古学 ）．For example, it can enter a sunken city where human divers cannot enter．Just like a fish , it can also look at all the comers of particular wreckage．This robot can also be used for general purposes such as detection of leakages in a pipeline or for laying down communication cables across oceans．It also has possible military uses．
In order to copy carp movements, Mr．Fan studied the movements of the fish for around 3 months．He studied all the different movements of carp using different cameras and then converted these movements mathematically to transfer this data to the robot using many actuators（驱动器）．
Professor Xu commented on the robot that the current models that copy fish movements are capable only of 2D movements which limits their capability as they are not able to dive into water．He said that his model is the first model with 3D movements which allows it to dive as well as float with the help of its fins, just as a normal fish would do．Hence, this fish model robot has much greater movement capability．It would be much harder for enemies to detect as compared to traditional ones when used for military purposes．
The researches want to make their robot fish even smaller, more realistic while adding more sensors such as GPS and video camera to it．This will improve its autonomous 3D movement．They are also planning to test the fish by giving it more difficult tasks such as detecting various objects．
32．The author gave an example in paragraph 2 _____．
 A．to introduce the Robot Fish can help in underwater archaeology
 B．to show the Robot Fish can be used for general purposes
 C．to show the Robot Fish can lay down communication cables across oceans
 D．to tell us the Robot Fish has possible military uses
33．Which is NOT true about the 3D Robot Fish?
 A．It is capable of diving into water． B．It cannot dive into water．
 C．It can float using its fins．   D．It is difficult to detect．
34．What' s the main idea of the last paragraph?
 A．The researchers will give the robot more difficult tasks．
 B．The researches want to make their robot smaller．
 C．The researchers are going to test the robot．
 D．The researches plan to improve the robot．

35．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
 A．First Robot Fish with Autonomous 3D Movement used widely
 B．First Robot Fish with Autonomous 3D Movement treading the ocean
 C．First Robot Fish with Autonomous 3D Movement created in Singapore
 D．First Robot Fish with Autonomous 3D Movement's general purposes
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