C
 The Japanese have long puzzled public health researchers because they are such an apparent paradox （矛盾体）: They have the world’s lowest rates of heart disease and the largest number of people that live to or beyond 100 years despite the fact that most Japanese men smoke—and smoking counts as one of the strongest risks for heart disease. So what’s protecting Japanese men?
 Two professors at the University of California at Berkeley hoped to find out the answer. They investigated a pool of 12,000 Japanese men equally divided into three groups: One group had lived in Japan for all their lives, and the other two groups had moved to Hawaii or Northern California. It was found that the rate of heart disease among Japanese men increased five times in California and about half of that for those in Hawaii.
 The differences could not be explained by any of the usual risk factors for heart disease, such as smoking or high blood pressure. The change in diet, from sushi to hamburgers and fries, was also not related to the rise in heart disease. What mattered was the kind of society they had created for themselves in their new home country. The most traditional group of Japanese Americans, who had a tight connection with and supported each other, had a heart-attack rate as low as their fellow Japanese back home. But the rate of those who had adopted the more isolated(孤立的) Western lifestyle increased by three to five times. 
 The study shows that the need to bond with a social group is fundamental to humans. It remains the key to whether we stay healthy or get ill, even whether we live or die. We need to belong, not online, but in the real world of hugs, handshakes, and pats on the back.
36. What is the situation about the Japanese that puzzles public health researcher?
 A. The Japanese have the world’s lowest rates of heart disease.
 B. Most Japanese men smoke but still have good heart conditions.
 C. Smoking is one of the strongest risks for heart disease in Japan.
 D. The number of people living to or beyond 100 years is the largest in the world.
37. What is the ratio(比值) of heart disease between Japanese living in Japan and Japanese Americans in  Hawaii?
 A. 1 to 2.5   B. 1 to 5    C. 3 to 5    D. 1.5 to 5
38. Which of the following is a finding of the two American professors’ study?
 A. Many Japanese men that lived up to 100 years were smokers.
 B. Those who often ate hamburgers and fries were more likely to fall sick.
 C. Westernized lifestyle was related to the heart-attack rate of Japanese Americans.
 D. Japanese immigrants to America always formed a community of tight connection.
39. As can be inferred from the passage, which of the following is the least likely to have heart disease?
 A. A smoker with many friends.     B. A smoker addicted to the Internet.
 C. A non-smoker with no family.    D. A non-smoker living alone in the mountains.
40. What is the best title of this passage?
 A. Eastern and Western Lifestyles    B. The Power of Social Connection
 C. Heart Diseases and Their Causes   D. Differences in Japanese Americans

D
 Today the car seems to make great progress in many ways. A variety of technologies that assist drivers are appearing on new cars. A developing technology called Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication, or V2V, is being tested by car producers to help reduce the number of accidents. V2V works by using wireless signals to send information back and forth between cars about their location, speed and direction, so that they keep safe distances from each other. Another new technology being tested is Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communication, or V2I. V2I would allow vehicles to communicate with road signs or traffic signals and provide information to the vehicle about safety issues. V2I could also request traffic information from a traffic management system and access the best possible routes. Both V2V and V2I have the potential to reduce around 80 percent of vehicle crashes on the road.
 More and more new cars can read traffic signs, maintain a safe distance in steady traffic and brake automatically to avoid crashes. Moreover, a number of firms are creating cars that drive themselves to a chosen destination without a human at the controls. It is predicted that driverless cars will be ready for sale within five years. If and when cars go completely driverless, the benefits will be enormous. Google, which already uses prototypes(雏形) of such cars to ferry its staff along Californian freeways, once put a blind man in such a car and filmed him being driven off to buy takeaway hamburgers. If this works, huge numbers of elderly and disabled people are able to travel around on their own more conveniently. The young will not have to pay expensive motor insurance, because their reckless(鲁莽的) hands and feet will no longer touch the wheel or the accelerator. People who go to work by car will gain hours each day to rest or read a newspaper in the car.
41. Which of the following statements is true about V2V?
 A.V2V communication has been very well developed.
  B. Through V2V, a car can go around beyond the speed limit.
  C. Through V2V, drivers can chat with each other on the road.
  D. V2V is designed to decrease crashes by keeping safe distances.
42. What does “infrastructure” in Vehicle-to-Infrastructure probably refer to in this passage?
 A. Traffic signs and information systems.   B. Roads, bridges and buildings.
 C. Knowledge and rules about safe driving.   D. The traffic department of the government.
43. Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of driverless cars?
 A. The elderly can travel around freely by themselves. 
 B. “Drivers” can sleep in the car on their way to work.
 C. People can have a thrilling car race in the street. 
 D. A blind man can get into a car and travel safely.
44. What can be inferred from the passage?
 A. Cars will refuse to start if the driver is drunk.  
 B. The production of driverless cars is still far away.
 C. There may be less car accident victims in the future.
 D. Everyone, including children, can afford a new car. 
45. What is the writer’s attitude toward these new technologies of cars?
 A. Negative.    B. Positive.    C. Neutral  D. Not clear.
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