综观近几年的高考英语阅读题，尽管推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。本文拟就细节题的不同类型谈谈其解题技巧。

　　一、语义转换题——跳读查找法

　　这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情况下，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。

　　运用跳读查找法时，同学们要特别注意试题(包括选项)与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的考题情况来看，现在很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，而通常要进行一定的处理。而这种“处理”主要就是指进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。请看下面的例子(重庆高考英语试题)：

　　“My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy，” says a second-grade teacher in Saugus，California.“Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course.” These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program(CBEP)，a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading，writing and math skills，and more.

　　The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze(分析) the housing，energy，and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect(建筑师) who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations.“Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom，”says the teacher who developed this program.“They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame，because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact，as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program，an elected ‘official’ and ‘planning group’ make all the design decisions for the model city，and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”

　　CBEP is a set of activities，games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving：observing，analyzing，working out possible answers，and judging them based on the children’s own standards.

　　1.An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom________ .

　　A.to find out kids’ creative ideas B. to discuss with the teacher

　　C.to give children lecturesD. to help kids with their program

　　2.Who is the designer of the program?

　　A.An official.B. An architect.C. A teacher.D. A scientist.

　　【解题分析】

　　1.选 D。根据第2段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations 可知答案为 D。句中的 aid 意为“帮助”，与 help 同义。

　　2.选 C。根据第2段中的... the teacher who developed this program 可知答案选 C。develop 与 design 在此大致同义。

　　命题特点

　　高考英语阅读理解题型的分值要占高考英语总分的40/150，是所有题型中占分比例最大的一道题。阅读理解能否得高分，是成绩好坏的关键。阅读理解题的考查主要是从两个方面测试考生的理解能力。

　　1.客观理解：即对所给材料中具体事实和细节的理解。

　　2.主观理解：即通过阅读短文，对文中主旨、主题、中心思想和作者意图、态度及语篇逻辑关系等深层意义上的理解，并据此进行推理和判断。

　　错题攻略

　　易错题型一归纳概括主题

　　典例1 (2007年广东卷)Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

　　A.How to Live Truthfully

　　B.Importance of Peacefulness

　　C.Ways of Gaining Self-respect

　　D.Happiness through Honorable Actions

　　【命题意图】归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过理解、总结、归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。

　　【解题思路】正确答案为D。做这类试题要求考生不仅要区分主要信息和次要信息，跳出一词一句，俯瞰全文，找出主题句(一般来说在文章的句首与句尾)，而且要善于概括文章的中心思想(通常是一个完整的句子，能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨)。通常最佳题目可以是一个短语词组，它不仅能概括文章的中心主旨，还有吸引读者、引发阅读兴趣的任务。

　　【失分警示】解答此类阅读理解题时，考生一定要注意运用找主题句的阅读方法，留意文章句首和句尾的主题句。如文章中没有主题句，则要把所有的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出文章的中心大意。