C
The Streisand Effect
When Barbra Streisand discovered in 2003 that a photograph of her California beach house was among 12,000 photos on the Internet as part of a collection by photographer Kenneth Adelman, she did what any famous person would do: hit him with a $50 million lawsuit. But in trying to hold back the images, she caused a different outcome. Her legal actions led to almost half a million people visiting the website, viewing and copying the photos within a month.
Ever since then, the effect of letting public know something you are trying to keep secret has been called the “Streisand effect”. The problem for anyone trying to suppress information is that the Internet is the world’s biggest and most efficient copying machine. Put a document on to a connected machine and it will spread. So when you want to be famous, you can’t, but if you find yourself in the spotlight and want to erase yourself, you cannot.  
   There is no shortage of examples of the Streisand effect. Nine-year-old Martha Payne created a simple blog, posting the meals her school served. She took a photo of what was barely a filling meal by anyone’s standards. With the photo, she filled a comment, “Now Dad understands why I am hungry when I get home.” The thing did not go too far, until the local authority banned little Martha from doing that again. Martha posted a supposedly final post called “Goodbye”, explaining everything. Once the media found this out, things went from bad to worse for the authority. Now the blog has more than 9.5 million page views. Martha has even expanded her blog by including pictures of school meals taken by other kids from all over the world, like Germany and Japan.
We can find similar examples throughout history, to be frank. Man has experienced the Streisand effect ever since the birth of mass communication. Why does it exist? Every time you are told not to see what’s in the secret shiny box wrapped in gift paper, you’re going to do everything in your power to do exactly that! Just realizing that knowing something about someone is harmful to their status, we will want to know that piece of information. This is exactly the human nature. This is what lawyers and authorities should be familiar with. Unfortunately, a few of them fail to grasp it.   
63. The underlined word “suppress” in Paragraph 2 probably means________.
A. give away      B. look into     C. cover up      D. search for 
64. What speeded up the spread of Martha’s story? 
A. Parents’ complaints. 
B. The authority’s order. 
C. The photos of other kids. 
D. Supporting from the school. 
65. What is the last paragraph mainly about? 
A. The root of Streisand effect.
B. The influence of Streisand effect. 
C. People’s reaction to Streisand effect. 
D. Historical examples of Streisand effect.
66. What can be inferred from the passage? 
A. Streisand effect benefits most famous people.
B. It’s not a good idea to argue against authorities.
C. The ban on something may have opposite effect.
D. Turning to the law is a perfect way to get one out of trouble. 
D
Thinking About Thinking
As a public school superintendent(督导), I believe the best way to prepare students for colleges and careers is to focus on providing instructional programs and opportunities that help them become good thinkers. To do this, teachers and actually everyone else in a community, should play a role as a “cognitive coach” to students, helping develop good thinkers among our youth.
The best way for you to become a cognitive coach is to seek out and engage school children and adolescents in meaningful conversations. The objective here is to get kids talking about what they think, how they feel, and what they believe whenever and wherever you may find them. It may be in a classroom. It may be at the grocery store. It may be at a basketball game. It doesn’t matter where as long as you engage students in a topical conversation and, hopefully, even a debate. Mainly, you want to encourage students to voice their opinion about things. Get them to take a position on “this thing, or that thing,” and ask them to support their position with evidence. Curiously enough, the simple process of engaging students in real life conversations and debates will serve to strengthen what they have learned in the classroom, and help them create their own knowledge about a subject or a topic. 
Learning indicates that a student has been exposed to material, understands the material, and can recall the information. Knowledge, on the other hand, goes beyond recall and includes information processing, application to other situations, consideration of meaning, and contrasting with other concepts. Naturally, the topic of conversation you engage in with one of your learners will differ from student to student, and in the level of complexity based on child’s age and developmental level. Even a kindergartener has an opinion about things that are going on in his or her life. Engaging in conversation with any members of your learning community in ways that get at what they have learned and what they know will help them develop higher order reasoning skills.  
A student’s synthetic thinking(综合思维) process occurs when a respected adult asks a question, particularly a question that requires reflection. I think all adults in a community have a responsibility to help children with this process, with the goal of producing independent thinkers.  
67. According to writer, what most helps develop students’ thinking? 
A. Enlarging one’s knowledge.
B. Learning from respected adults.
C. Attending instructional programs.
D. Making evidence-based arguments.  
68. Which is the best question raised by a cognitive coach? 
A. What have you learnt recently? 
B. Will you pay by the credit card? 
C. Where are you going this weekend? 
D. How do you like this basketball team? 
69. The writer mentions a kindergartener in Paragraph 3 in order to _____. 
A. emphasize the importance of being a good thinker 
B. suggest that education should start at an early age

C. prove that even children have their own ways of thinking
D. explain the necessity of choosing proper conversation topics
70. What is the main purpose of the passage? 
A. To state an education idea.
B. To assess a teaching strategy. 
C. To introduce a learning method. 
D. To compare different education methods.
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